My Original Theory
In going from the Level-3 system to the wholly-owned Verizon network, Verizon implemented a new MAC authentication policy, coupled with a 15-minute DHCP IP address lease. This seems to be causing connectivity problems for lots of people. I have tried two different modems with built-in NAT routers, a Zoom ADSL-X4 and a Westell 2200. Both crash or lock up every few hours because their DHCP client waits until the very end of the lease (13-15 minutes) before attempting to renew. If the renewal fails, there isn't time for a re-try, and the resulting IP address change causes other problems. I also tried a Gigafast EE400-R broadband router that renews at t/2 (7 or 8 minutes) and it never has a problem with this. Computers that pull their DHCP IP address directly from the WAN seem to be OK.

While this isn't theoretically Verizon's problem, it's a bit of a hardship for everyone to run out and purchase new hardware, especially since this is a problem with Verizon-provided equipment. I'm hoping Verizon will recognize this as a problem and make the necessary policy changes to restore "always on" connectivity.

My Revised Theory
My original theory was that a large number of routers were non-compliant with the DHCP spec. This seemed unlikely to me, but it was my working hypothesis at the time. After studying the DHCP spec more closely, I picked up on something I had missed before. The renewal time is 1/2 the lease time by default. DHCP servers frequently use the default, so the L/2 behavior is familiar to many. As it turns out, this value is configurable and controlled by the servers. Verizon is evidently setting this value much closer to the lease time, and sometimes it isn't soon enough to be effective, and the lease expires. This seems to cause all kinds of connectivity problems.

Now I realize that this is not obvious, because the renewal time is not displayed by any DHCP clients I have ever used. The only way to see it without specialized software or equipment is indirectly by observing logs and DHCP client behavior. I have three data points: A Westell 2200, a Zoom ADSL-X4 and a GigaFast EE400-R. The Zoom and the Westell renew their 15 minute lease every 13 to 15+ (!) minutes. The GigaFast renews every 7 to 8 minutes. As you might expect, the Zoom and Westell fail to renew occasionally. The symptom at that point is complete and abject failure. The Westell displays an endless string of DNS failures; the Zoom simply locks up and you can't even access the log. But the GigaFast gets a renewal every time at 7 to 8 minutes, and the IP address never changes even after weeks of operation. The irony of it is, the GigaFast seems to be ignoring Verizon's renewal time in the DHCP options field. The routers that are failing are the ones that are correctly observing the setting. If you want this boiled down to a simple sound bite, it is this: Verizon is, in effect, programming our routers to fail!

I have been ridiculed for this hypothesis, but my observation, which I can reproduce at will, is that routers that start renewing their DHCP lease sooner can survive other network problems and delays, making the entire system more robust. There is a trade-off however: earlier renewals will increase the load on the DHCP servers. One would hope that the IT professionals at Verizon have the expertise and the tools to analyze the options. Until they have it worked out, you can probably guess which router I'm going to use!

A remaining question has to do with PPPoE failures that also seem to be related to the recent network changes and the attendant 15-minute DHCP lease time. I have been unable to determine how PPPoE fits into my hypothesis. Perhaps it doesn't, but that seems unlikely. I would expect PPPoE servers to use DHCP on the back end to obtain IP addresses for their sessions. Behavior would depend on the interactions between the PPPoE and the DHCP protocols combined with Verizon's policies -- much harder to analyze from the outside and not using PPPoE myself.

Conclusions Based on Some Actual Data
I just ran an Ethereal trace with my computer connected directly to my Westell 2110 bridging modem, and traced the bootp.dhcp packets that were exchanged for 6 renewal periods (about 45 minutes). Each packet sent by Verizon for normal renewals contained the lease duration (15 minutes), the renewal time, T1 (7.5 minutes) and the rebind time (13.5 minutes). So Verizon is doing the standard thing, and telling the routers to renew at 7.5 minutes.

Windows networking properly renews its lease at 7.5 minutes. My GigaFast router properly renews its lease at 7.5 minutes. My Westell 2200 modem renews at (ahem) 13.5 minutes. My Zoom ADSL-X4 renews at (ahem) 13.5 minutes. That is wrong, wrong, wrong! SOHO router firmware is a disgrace.

The Ethereal Trace
The smoking gun is in the DHCP ACK, frames 2, 4 & 6, bootstrap protocol, options 51, 58 & 59.  If anyone can see anything in here that can explain the behavior we're seeing with the routers, please let me know.

No.     Time        Source                Destination           Protocol Info
      1 0.000000    71.112.194.122        71.112.194.1          DHCP     DHCP Request  - Transaction ID 0x3a87c24b

Frame 1 (342 bytes on wire, 342 bytes captured)
    Arrival Time: Jun  8, 2005 20:29:59.813169000
    Time delta from previous packet: 0.000000000 seconds
    Time since reference or first frame: 0.000000000 seconds
    Frame Number: 1
    Packet Length: 342 bytes
    Capture Length: 342 bytes
    Protocols in frame: eth:ip:udp:bootp
Ethernet II, Src: 00:08:74:e6:07:be, Dst: 00:90:1a:41:54:0a
    Destination: 00:90:1a:41:54:0a (Unispher_41:54:0a)
    Source: 00:08:74:e6:07:be (DellComp_e6:07:be)
    Type: IP (0x0800)
Internet Protocol, Src Addr: 71.112.194.122 (71.112.194.122), Dst Addr: 71.112.194.1 (71.112.194.1)
    Version: 4
    Header length: 20 bytes
    Differentiated Services Field: 0x00 (DSCP 0x00: Default; ECN: 0x00)
        0000 00.. = Differentiated Services Codepoint: Default (0x00)
        .... ..0. = ECN-Capable Transport (ECT): 0
        .... ...0 = ECN-CE: 0
    Total Length: 328
    Identification: 0xb345 (45893)
    Flags: 0x00
        0... = Reserved bit: Not set
        .0.. = Don't fragment: Not set
        ..0. = More fragments: Not set
    Fragment offset: 0
    Time to live: 128
    Protocol: UDP (0x11)
    Header checksum: 0x7303 (correct)
    Source: 71.112.194.122 (71.112.194.122)
    Destination: 71.112.194.1 (71.112.194.1)
User Datagram Protocol, Src Port: bootpc (68), Dst Port: bootps (67)
    Source port: bootpc (68)
    Destination port: bootps (67)
    Length: 308
    Checksum: 0x3753 (correct)
Bootstrap Protocol
    Message type: Boot Request (1)
    Hardware type: Ethernet
    Hardware address length: 6
    Hops: 0
    Transaction ID: 0x3a87c24b
    Seconds elapsed: 0
    Bootp flags: 0x0000 (Unicast)
        0... .... .... .... = Broadcast flag: Unicast
        .000 0000 0000 0000 = Reserved flags: 0x0000
    Client IP address: 71.112.194.122 (71.112.194.122)
    Your (client) IP address: 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0)
    Next server IP address: 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0)
    Relay agent IP address: 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0)
    Client MAC address: 00:08:74:e6:07:be (DellComp_e6:07:be)
    Server host name not given
    Boot file name not given
    Magic cookie: (OK)
    Option 53: DHCP Message Type = DHCP Request
    Option 61: Client identifier
        Hardware type: Ethernet
        Client MAC address: 00:08:74:e6:07:be (DellComp_e6:07:be)
    Option 12: Host Name = "Inspiron"
    Option 81: FQDN
        Flags: 0x00
            0000 .... = Reserved flags: 0x00
            .... 0... = Server DDNS: Some server updates
            .... .0.. = Encoding: ASCII encoding
            .... ..0. = Server overrides: No override
            .... ...0 = Server: Client
        A-RR result: 0
        PTR-RR result: 0
        Client name: Inspiron.
    Option 60: Vendor class identifier = "MSFT 5.0"
    Option 55: Parameter Request List
        1 = Subnet Mask
        15 = Domain Name
        3 = Router
        6 = Domain Name Server
        44 = NetBIOS over TCP/IP Name Server
        46 = NetBIOS over TCP/IP Node Type
        47 = NetBIOS over TCP/IP Scope
        31 = Perform Router Discover
        33 = Static Route
        Unknown Option Code: 249
        43 = Vendor-Specific Information
    End Option

No.     Time        Source                Destination           Protocol Info
      2 0.018428    71.112.194.1          71.112.194.122        DHCP     DHCP ACK      - Transaction ID 0x3a87c24b

Frame 2 (336 bytes on wire, 336 bytes captured)
    Arrival Time: Jun  8, 2005 20:29:59.831597000
    Time delta from previous packet: 0.018428000 seconds
    Time since reference or first frame: 0.018428000 seconds
    Frame Number: 2
    Packet Length: 336 bytes
    Capture Length: 336 bytes
    Protocols in frame: eth:ip:udp:bootp
Ethernet II, Src: 00:90:1a:41:54:0a, Dst: 00:08:74:e6:07:be
    Destination: 00:08:74:e6:07:be (DellComp_e6:07:be)
    Source: 00:90:1a:41:54:0a (Unispher_41:54:0a)
    Type: IP (0x0800)
Internet Protocol, Src Addr: 71.112.194.1 (71.112.194.1), Dst Addr: 71.112.194.122 (71.112.194.122)
    Version: 4
    Header length: 20 bytes
    Differentiated Services Field: 0x00 (DSCP 0x00: Default; ECN: 0x00)
        0000 00.. = Differentiated Services Codepoint: Default (0x00)
        .... ..0. = ECN-Capable Transport (ECT): 0
        .... ...0 = ECN-CE: 0
    Total Length: 322
    Identification: 0x0000 (0)
    Flags: 0x00
        0... = Reserved bit: Not set
        .0.. = Don't fragment: Not set
        ..0. = More fragments: Not set
    Fragment offset: 0
    Time to live: 64
    Protocol: UDP (0x11)
    Header checksum: 0x664f (correct)
    Source: 71.112.194.1 (71.112.194.1)
    Destination: 71.112.194.122 (71.112.194.122)
User Datagram Protocol, Src Port: bootps (67), Dst Port: bootpc (68)
    Source port: bootps (67)
    Destination port: bootpc (68)
    Length: 302
    Checksum: 0x0000 (none)
Bootstrap Protocol
    Message type: Boot Reply (2)
    Hardware type: Ethernet
    Hardware address length: 6
    Hops: 0
    Transaction ID: 0x3a87c24b
    Seconds elapsed: 0
    Bootp flags: 0x0000 (Unicast)
        0... .... .... .... = Broadcast flag: Unicast
        .000 0000 0000 0000 = Reserved flags: 0x0000
    Client IP address: 71.112.194.122 (71.112.194.122)
    Your (client) IP address: 71.112.194.122 (71.112.194.122)
    Next server IP address: 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0)
    Relay agent IP address: 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0)
    Client MAC address: 00:08:74:e6:07:be (DellComp_e6:07:be)
    Server host name not given
    Boot file name not given
    Magic cookie: (OK)
    Option 53: DHCP Message Type = DHCP ACK
    Option 54: Server Identifier = 71.112.194.1
    Option 51: IP Address Lease Time = 15 minutes
    Option 58: Renewal Time Value = 7 minutes, 30 seconds
    Option 59: Rebinding Time Value = 13 minutes, 7 seconds
    Option 1: Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0
    Option 3: Router = 71.112.194.1
    Option 6: Domain Name Server
        IP Address: 68.238.128.12
        IP Address: 68.238.64.12
    Option 46: NetBIOS over TCP/IP Node Type = Unknown (0)
    End Option
    Padding

No.     Time        Source                Destination           Protocol Info
      3 450.037201  71.112.194.122        71.112.194.1          DHCP     DHCP Request  - Transaction ID 0x7e117b76

Frame 3 (342 bytes on wire, 342 bytes captured)
    Arrival Time: Jun  8, 2005 20:37:29.850370000
    Time delta from previous packet: 450.018773000 seconds
    Time since reference or first frame: 450.037201000 seconds
    Frame Number: 3
    Packet Length: 342 bytes
    Capture Length: 342 bytes
    Protocols in frame: eth:ip:udp:bootp
Ethernet II, Src: 00:08:74:e6:07:be, Dst: 00:90:1a:41:54:0a
    Destination: 00:90:1a:41:54:0a (Unispher_41:54:0a)
    Source: 00:08:74:e6:07:be (DellComp_e6:07:be)
    Type: IP (0x0800)
Internet Protocol, Src Addr: 71.112.194.122 (71.112.194.122), Dst Addr: 71.112.194.1 (71.112.194.1)
    Version: 4
    Header length: 20 bytes
    Differentiated Services Field: 0x00 (DSCP 0x00: Default; ECN: 0x00)
        0000 00.. = Differentiated Services Codepoint: Default (0x00)
        .... ..0. = ECN-Capable Transport (ECT): 0
        .... ...0 = ECN-CE: 0
    Total Length: 328
    Identification: 0xb441 (46145)
    Flags: 0x00
        0... = Reserved bit: Not set
        .0.. = Don't fragment: Not set
        ..0. = More fragments: Not set
    Fragment offset: 0
    Time to live: 128
    Protocol: UDP (0x11)
    Header checksum: 0x7207 (correct)
    Source: 71.112.194.122 (71.112.194.122)
    Destination: 71.112.194.1 (71.112.194.1)
User Datagram Protocol, Src Port: bootpc (68), Dst Port: bootps (67)
    Source port: bootpc (68)
    Destination port: bootps (67)
    Length: 308
    Checksum: 0x3a9e (correct)
Bootstrap Protocol
    Message type: Boot Request (1)
    Hardware type: Ethernet
    Hardware address length: 6
    Hops: 0
    Transaction ID: 0x7e117b76
    Seconds elapsed: 0
    Bootp flags: 0x0000 (Unicast)
        0... .... .... .... = Broadcast flag: Unicast
        .000 0000 0000 0000 = Reserved flags: 0x0000
    Client IP address: 71.112.194.122 (71.112.194.122)
    Your (client) IP address: 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0)
    Next server IP address: 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0)
    Relay agent IP address: 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0)
    Client MAC address: 00:08:74:e6:07:be (DellComp_e6:07:be)
    Server host name not given
    Boot file name not given
    Magic cookie: (OK)
    Option 53: DHCP Message Type = DHCP Request
    Option 61: Client identifier
        Hardware type: Ethernet
        Client MAC address: 00:08:74:e6:07:be (DellComp_e6:07:be)
    Option 12: Host Name = "Inspiron"
    Option 81: FQDN
        Flags: 0x00
            0000 .... = Reserved flags: 0x00
            .... 0... = Server DDNS: Some server updates
            .... .0.. = Encoding: ASCII encoding
            .... ..0. = Server overrides: No override
            .... ...0 = Server: Client
        A-RR result: 0
        PTR-RR result: 0
        Client name: Inspiron.
    Option 60: Vendor class identifier = "MSFT 5.0"
    Option 55: Parameter Request List
        1 = Subnet Mask
        15 = Domain Name
        3 = Router
        6 = Domain Name Server
        44 = NetBIOS over TCP/IP Name Server
        46 = NetBIOS over TCP/IP Node Type
        47 = NetBIOS over TCP/IP Scope
        31 = Perform Router Discover
        33 = Static Route
        Unknown Option Code: 249
        43 = Vendor-Specific Information
    End Option

No.     Time        Source                Destination           Protocol Info
      4 450.055062  71.112.194.1          71.112.194.122        DHCP     DHCP ACK      - Transaction ID 0x7e117b76

Frame 4 (336 bytes on wire, 336 bytes captured)
    Arrival Time: Jun  8, 2005 20:37:29.868231000
    Time delta from previous packet: 0.017861000 seconds
    Time since reference or first frame: 450.055062000 seconds
    Frame Number: 4
    Packet Length: 336 bytes
    Capture Length: 336 bytes
    Protocols in frame: eth:ip:udp:bootp
Ethernet II, Src: 00:90:1a:41:54:0a, Dst: 00:08:74:e6:07:be
    Destination: 00:08:74:e6:07:be (DellComp_e6:07:be)
    Source: 00:90:1a:41:54:0a (Unispher_41:54:0a)
    Type: IP (0x0800)
Internet Protocol, Src Addr: 71.112.194.1 (71.112.194.1), Dst Addr: 71.112.194.122 (71.112.194.122)
    Version: 4
    Header length: 20 bytes
    Differentiated Services Field: 0x00 (DSCP 0x00: Default; ECN: 0x00)
        0000 00.. = Differentiated Services Codepoint: Default (0x00)
        .... ..0. = ECN-Capable Transport (ECT): 0
        .... ...0 = ECN-CE: 0
    Total Length: 322
    Identification: 0x0000 (0)
    Flags: 0x00
        0... = Reserved bit: Not set
        .0.. = Don't fragment: Not set
        ..0. = More fragments: Not set
    Fragment offset: 0
    Time to live: 64
    Protocol: UDP (0x11)
    Header checksum: 0x664f (correct)
    Source: 71.112.194.1 (71.112.194.1)
    Destination: 71.112.194.122 (71.112.194.122)
User Datagram Protocol, Src Port: bootps (67), Dst Port: bootpc (68)
    Source port: bootps (67)
    Destination port: bootpc (68)
    Length: 302
    Checksum: 0x0000 (none)
Bootstrap Protocol
    Message type: Boot Reply (2)
    Hardware type: Ethernet
    Hardware address length: 6
    Hops: 0
    Transaction ID: 0x7e117b76
    Seconds elapsed: 0
    Bootp flags: 0x0000 (Unicast)
        0... .... .... .... = Broadcast flag: Unicast
        .000 0000 0000 0000 = Reserved flags: 0x0000
    Client IP address: 71.112.194.122 (71.112.194.122)
    Your (client) IP address: 71.112.194.122 (71.112.194.122)
    Next server IP address: 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0)
    Relay agent IP address: 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0)
    Client MAC address: 00:08:74:e6:07:be (DellComp_e6:07:be)
    Server host name not given
    Boot file name not given
    Magic cookie: (OK)
    Option 53: DHCP Message Type = DHCP ACK
    Option 54: Server Identifier = 71.112.194.1
    Option 51: IP Address Lease Time = 15 minutes
    Option 58: Renewal Time Value = 7 minutes, 30 seconds
    Option 59: Rebinding Time Value = 13 minutes, 7 seconds
    Option 1: Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0
    Option 3: Router = 71.112.194.1
    Option 6: Domain Name Server
        IP Address: 68.238.128.12
        IP Address: 68.238.64.12
    Option 46: NetBIOS over TCP/IP Node Type = Unknown (0)
    End Option
    Padding

No.     Time        Source                Destination           Protocol Info
      5 900.077323  71.112.194.122        71.112.194.1          DHCP     DHCP Request  - Transaction ID 0x1409a7af

Frame 5 (342 bytes on wire, 342 bytes captured)
    Arrival Time: Jun  8, 2005 20:44:59.890492000
    Time delta from previous packet: 450.022261000 seconds
    Time since reference or first frame: 900.077323000 seconds
    Frame Number: 5
    Packet Length: 342 bytes
    Capture Length: 342 bytes
    Protocols in frame: eth:ip:udp:bootp
Ethernet II, Src: 00:08:74:e6:07:be, Dst: 00:90:1a:41:54:0a
    Destination: 00:90:1a:41:54:0a (Unispher_41:54:0a)
    Source: 00:08:74:e6:07:be (DellComp_e6:07:be)
    Type: IP (0x0800)
Internet Protocol, Src Addr: 71.112.194.122 (71.112.194.122), Dst Addr: 71.112.194.1 (71.112.194.1)
    Version: 4
    Header length: 20 bytes
    Differentiated Services Field: 0x00 (DSCP 0x00: Default; ECN: 0x00)
        0000 00.. = Differentiated Services Codepoint: Default (0x00)
        .... ..0. = ECN-Capable Transport (ECT): 0
        .... ...0 = ECN-CE: 0
    Total Length: 328
    Identification: 0xbaf6 (47862)
    Flags: 0x00
        0... = Reserved bit: Not set
        .0.. = Don't fragment: Not set
        ..0. = More fragments: Not set
    Fragment offset: 0
    Time to live: 128
    Protocol: UDP (0x11)
    Header checksum: 0x6b52 (correct)
    Source: 71.112.194.122 (71.112.194.122)
    Destination: 71.112.194.1 (71.112.194.1)
User Datagram Protocol, Src Port: bootpc (68), Dst Port: bootps (67)
    Source port: bootpc (68)
    Destination port: bootps (67)
    Length: 308
    Checksum: 0x786d (correct)
Bootstrap Protocol
    Message type: Boot Request (1)
    Hardware type: Ethernet
    Hardware address length: 6
    Hops: 0
    Transaction ID: 0x1409a7af
    Seconds elapsed: 0
    Bootp flags: 0x0000 (Unicast)
        0... .... .... .... = Broadcast flag: Unicast
        .000 0000 0000 0000 = Reserved flags: 0x0000
    Client IP address: 71.112.194.122 (71.112.194.122)
    Your (client) IP address: 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0)
    Next server IP address: 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0)
    Relay agent IP address: 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0)
    Client MAC address: 00:08:74:e6:07:be (DellComp_e6:07:be)
    Server host name not given
    Boot file name not given
    Magic cookie: (OK)
    Option 53: DHCP Message Type = DHCP Request
    Option 61: Client identifier
        Hardware type: Ethernet
        Client MAC address: 00:08:74:e6:07:be (DellComp_e6:07:be)
    Option 12: Host Name = "Inspiron"
    Option 81: FQDN
        Flags: 0x00
            0000 .... = Reserved flags: 0x00
            .... 0... = Server DDNS: Some server updates
            .... .0.. = Encoding: ASCII encoding
            .... ..0. = Server overrides: No override
            .... ...0 = Server: Client
        A-RR result: 0
        PTR-RR result: 0
        Client name: Inspiron.
    Option 60: Vendor class identifier = "MSFT 5.0"
    Option 55: Parameter Request List
        1 = Subnet Mask
        15 = Domain Name
        3 = Router
        6 = Domain Name Server
        44 = NetBIOS over TCP/IP Name Server
        46 = NetBIOS over TCP/IP Node Type
        47 = NetBIOS over TCP/IP Scope
        31 = Perform Router Discover
        33 = Static Route
        Unknown Option Code: 249
        43 = Vendor-Specific Information
    End Option

No.     Time        Source                Destination           Protocol Info
      6 900.097626  71.112.194.1          71.112.194.122        DHCP     DHCP ACK      - Transaction ID 0x1409a7af

Frame 6 (336 bytes on wire, 336 bytes captured)
    Arrival Time: Jun  8, 2005 20:44:59.910795000
    Time delta from previous packet: 0.020303000 seconds
    Time since reference or first frame: 900.097626000 seconds
    Frame Number: 6
    Packet Length: 336 bytes
    Capture Length: 336 bytes
    Protocols in frame: eth:ip:udp:bootp
Ethernet II, Src: 00:90:1a:41:54:0a, Dst: 00:08:74:e6:07:be
    Destination: 00:08:74:e6:07:be (DellComp_e6:07:be)
    Source: 00:90:1a:41:54:0a (Unispher_41:54:0a)
    Type: IP (0x0800)
Internet Protocol, Src Addr: 71.112.194.1 (71.112.194.1), Dst Addr: 71.112.194.122 (71.112.194.122)
    Version: 4
    Header length: 20 bytes
    Differentiated Services Field: 0x00 (DSCP 0x00: Default; ECN: 0x00)
        0000 00.. = Differentiated Services Codepoint: Default (0x00)
        .... ..0. = ECN-Capable Transport (ECT): 0
        .... ...0 = ECN-CE: 0
    Total Length: 322
    Identification: 0x0000 (0)
    Flags: 0x00
        0... = Reserved bit: Not set
        .0.. = Don't fragment: Not set
        ..0. = More fragments: Not set
    Fragment offset: 0
    Time to live: 64
    Protocol: UDP (0x11)
    Header checksum: 0x664f (correct)
    Source: 71.112.194.1 (71.112.194.1)
    Destination: 71.112.194.122 (71.112.194.122)
User Datagram Protocol, Src Port: bootps (67), Dst Port: bootpc (68)
    Source port: bootps (67)
    Destination port: bootpc (68)
    Length: 302
    Checksum: 0x0000 (none)
Bootstrap Protocol
    Message type: Boot Reply (2)
    Hardware type: Ethernet
    Hardware address length: 6
    Hops: 0
    Transaction ID: 0x1409a7af
    Seconds elapsed: 0
    Bootp flags: 0x0000 (Unicast)
        0... .... .... .... = Broadcast flag: Unicast
        .000 0000 0000 0000 = Reserved flags: 0x0000
    Client IP address: 71.112.194.122 (71.112.194.122)
    Your (client) IP address: 71.112.194.122 (71.112.194.122)
    Next server IP address: 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0)
    Relay agent IP address: 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0)
    Client MAC address: 00:08:74:e6:07:be (DellComp_e6:07:be)
    Server host name not given
    Boot file name not given
    Magic cookie: (OK)
    Option 53: DHCP Message Type = DHCP ACK
    Option 54: Server Identifier = 71.112.194.1
    Option 51: IP Address Lease Time = 15 minutes
    Option 58: Renewal Time Value = 7 minutes, 30 seconds
    Option 59: Rebinding Time Value = 13 minutes, 7 seconds
    Option 1: Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0
    Option 3: Router = 71.112.194.1
    Option 6: Domain Name Server
        IP Address: 68.238.128.12
        IP Address: 68.238.64.12
    Option 46: NetBIOS over TCP/IP Node Type = Unknown (0)
    End Option
    Padding